Understand VLSI Technology Trends – Analyze performance measures and Moore’s law trends. Analyze MOS Transistors – Comprehend MOS transistor operation, depletion mode, drain current analysis, and threshold voltage calculations. Evaluate MOSFET Second-Order Effects – Study channel length modulation and its impact on transistor behavior. Design CMOS and NMOS Inverter Circuits – Understand the working principles and layout of inverter circuits. Understand IC Fabrication – Learn the lithographic process and fabrication techniques for NMOS and PMOS transistors. Analyze CMOS Fabrication Techniques – Study N-well, P-well, and Twin Tub processes along with latch-up prevention methods. Design MOS Circuits – Implement pass transistor logic, transmission gates, and combinational circuits using switch logic. Understand Advanced CMOS Logic Design – Explore BiCMOS logic, pseudo-NMOS inverters, and clocking strategies in dynamic CMOS logic. Estimate Delay and Power Dissipation – Evaluate circuit parameters such as sheet resistance, capacitance, and power consumption. Explore Memory Design – Study static and dynamic memory cells including RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and Flash memory. Implement Structured Design Approaches – Design bus arbitration logic, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), and parity generators. Study Emerging Semiconductor Technologies – Understand FinFET, Tunnel FET, spintronic devices, and compound semiconductor fabrication.